Mechanical parts processing is an automated machine tool that uses digital information to control the displacement of parts and tools with a high-precision and efficient processing method. It is an effective way to solve the problems of multiple varieties, small batches, complex shapes, and high precision of aerospace products and parts and components, and to realize automatic processing. Let's take a look at the composition and working steps of CNC machine tools.

1. The composition of CNC machine tools. The CNC machine tool consists of a program, an input and output device, a CNC unit, a servo system, a position feedback system and a body, which are briefly introduced below.

1. Numerical control unit. The CNC unit is the core of the CNC machine tool, which consists of information input, processing and output.

The control unit receives digital information, decodes, interpolates, and logically processes the control software and logic circuit of the numerical control device, and outputs various instruction information to the servo system, and the servo system drives the actuator to carry out the feed movement. Others include the transmission, reversing and start-stop signals of the main moving parts; the selection and exchange of tool command signals, the start and stop of cooling and lubrication, the loose clamping of workpieces and mechanical parts, the indexing table indexing and other auxiliary command signals.

2. Servo system. It is composed of a driver and a drive motor. The execution machine tool components and mechanical transmission components together form the CNC machine tool feed system. Its function is to convert the pulse signal of the numerical control device into the movement of the moving parts of the machine tool. For a stepper motor, each pulse causes the motor to rotate an angle, and then drives the moving parts of the machine tool a short distance. Each part of the feed movement has a corresponding servo drive system, and the performance of the whole machine mainly depends on the servo system.

3. Position feedback system. Servo motor angular displacement feedback and CNC machine tool actuator (table) displacement feedback. Including gratings, rotary encoders, laser rangefinders, magnetic gratings, etc. The feedback device converts the detection result into an electric signal and feeds it back to the numerical control device. The deviation between the actual position and the command position is calculated by comparison, and the deviation command is issued to control the feed movement of the execution unit.

4. Zhongshan Machinery Parts Processing Factory produces machine tool mechanical parts. For the CNC machine tools of the machining center, there are also parts such as the tool magazine and the manipulator for tool change. The mechanical components of CNC machine tools are similar to ordinary machine tools, but the transmission structure is simpler, and the accuracy, rigidity and seismic requirements are higher. The transmission and speed change system are more convenient for automatic expansion and contraction.

2. The working steps of CNC machine tools. Processing on a CNC lathe should go through the following steps:

1. Prepare. According to the drawings of the processed parts, determine the relevant processing data (tool path coordinate points, processing parameters, tool size information, etc.). Other auxiliary information is selected according to the process plan, the selected fixture and the tool type.

2. The programming phase. According to the information of the machining process, write the NC machining program (description of the machining process) in a language that can be recognized by the CNC system of the machine tool, and fill in the program table.

3. Prepare the information carrier. According to the compiled program list, store the program in the information carrier (punch tape, tape, disk, etc.). All processing information is transmitted to the NUMERICAL control system through the information carrier. If the CNC machine tool is connected to the computer, the information can be directly loaded into the CNC system.

4. Processing stage. When the NUMERICAL control system of the machine tool executes the program, it decodes and calculates the processing program statements, converts them into action instructions, and drives the moving parts. Under the unified coordination of the system, the moving parts are driven to move in time to realize the automatic processing of the workpiece.